Underdiagnosed: ADHD in Women: A Social Change Initiative in Psychology

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Underdiagnosed: ADHD in Women: A Social Change Initiative in Psychology

Relevance to the Field of Psychology and Professional Responsibility

The problem of the underdiagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among women is a significant matter of concern for modern psychology because it reveals deep-rooted gender biases that have persisted throughout the history of studying the condition. Traditionally, ADHD was diagnosed in boys whose predominant behavioral traits included hyperactivity and impulsivity, while in girls, ADHD symptoms were more internal, including inattention and emotional regulation. This discrepancy can be explained by the long-standing stereotypes about gender roles, which resulted in biased criteria for assessing the severity of ADHD and diagnosing the condition (Quinn & Madhoo, 2014; Young et al., 2020).

Such disparities can be explained with regard to gender bias that has traditionally pervaded psychological studies. For example, in their work, Peter Glick et al. (2000) outline the way in which benevolent and hostile sexism affect society’s perceptions of women and result in their being expected to be organized, attentive, and emotionally stable individuals. In terms of the discipline of psychology, there is an obligation to address the issue, making scientific studies accessible, developing advanced diagnostic methods and educating medical practitioners. According to the WHO (2015), gender proves to be crucial for the identification of one’s health status and its diagnoses and treatments. It is necessary to eliminate any prejudices that prevent proper recognition of the disorder in females.

Theoretical Frameworks and Their Influence on Behavior and Action

There are various hypotheses that can help explain why women typically don’t get diagnosed with ADHD. These theories can also help develop solutions related to this issue. Meyer (2003) came up with one of these theories, called minority stress theory. This idea was originally developed to elucidate difficulties pertaining to sexual minorities; nevertheless, it can be broadened to encompass women with ADHD who may endure chronic stress resulting from stigmatization and misunderstanding.

Social role theory is another idea that could help us grasp this problem. Lauzen et al. (2008) assert that the social position of women has been perpetuated by media stereotypes that establish specific expectations for female behavior. Consequently, when a woman with ADHD fails to meet those expectations, her behavior may be regarded as a personal issue.

The theories of cognitive behavior can elucidate how women interpret specific social messages that affect them. In this instance, women with ADHD who have not undergone treatment may develop negative perceptions of their perceived inadequacies, leading to the manifestation of anxiety and despair (Rucklidge, 2010; Young et al., 2020). The aforementioned hypotheses emphasize the imperative to diagnose ADHD promptly to avert the emergence of psychological issues linked to the disorder’s secondary repercussions.

Consequently, all theories can be employed to examine the impact of various factors, including social and systemic influences, on ADHD in women and its diagnosis, with the aim of formulating targeted strategies for both the treatment of this disorder and the rectification of detrimental societal factors affecting it.

Psychology’s Role in Advocacy and Social Change

Psychology is very important for pushing for social change by looking at how unfair diagnoses and treatments are in mental health. When it comes to women and ADHD, these measures can include increasing awareness of the problem, performing research, and working to change policies and practices. The focus of this kind of activism should be on teaching doctors, teachers, and others how ADHD shows up in women. The discipline has significantly contributed to the support and opposition of prejudices. Early psychological theories incorporated components that reinforced gender stereotypes, as evidenced in Lips’ (2003) paper regarding gender differences and income gap in society. Modern psychological practice emphasizes the importance of considering cultural and gender differences among patients.

One approach to making change in psychology can be done through altering the diagnosis criteria, considering the various ADHD symptoms. Psychology can also call for the formulation of tests that consider gender differences and for psychologists to be trained on recognizing the symptoms of ADHD. Psychology plays a crucial role in government functioning and behavior in society. Psychologists can work with learning institutions and employers to create conditions where effective coping skills are developed in ADHD female patients. This approach is consistent with fundamental concepts in psychology which stipulate that fostering wellness and social justice is the surest path to ensuring mental health services for all.